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The radiotherapy modulators used in clinic have disadvantages of high toxicity and low selectivity. For the first time, we used the
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@#Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Malaysia is drastically increasing. Subjects with DM are more likely to have deranged liver function tests (LFT). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of abnormal liver enzymes [(alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and its associated factors among type 2 DM (T2DM) subjects visiting a referral diabetic clinic in a tertiary government hospital. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included electronic data of 300 T2DM subjects ≥18 years old in the outpatient specialist clinic from January 2011 to December 2014. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The study population at large included Malays, of age >60 years with comparable gender percentage. Most subjects had long-standing DM, poor glycaemic control and were on treatment. The prevalence of abnormal ALT and ALP was 27.3% and 13%; with 90.2% and 97.4% having mild ALT and ALP elevations, respectively. Significant associations noted for age, body mass index (BMI) and duration of T2DM for ALT whereas for ALP, anti-diabetic medication was significant between groups of normal and abnormal levels. Deranged liver enzymes were associated significantly with dyslipidaemia. Conclusion: Our study on the crude prevalence of raised liver enzymes may help identify T2DM patients at increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Modification of metabolic risk factors, such as weight loss, control of dyslipidaemia rather than just tighter glycaemic control should be emphasised to reduce morbidity and mortality. Liver enzymes remain a simple and non- invasive marker of liver pathology in daily medical practice
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Diabetes MellitusABSTRACT
Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in acute Cholecystitis is the established treatment of choice for the management of acute Cholecystitis. The conversion rate and morbidity is higher in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy done in acute Cholecystitis. Aims and Objectives: To identify certain preoperative criteria for the selection of patients in acute Cholecystitis that can undergo laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, so that there is decrease in the conversion rate to open procedure and decrease in the complications. Methods: A Prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Moolchand Medcity, New Delhi, on 50 patients with acute Cholecystitis from September 2009 to September 2010. Data was analyzed using standard statistical software SPSS. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of qualitative data. Results: There were 4 males and 46 female patients with a mean age of 37. 74 years (range 18 to 65 years). There was no significant variation in intraoperative severity (IOS) pattern of acute Cholecystitis across the various age groups (p=0. 532). Males had significantly higher IOS grades of acute Cholecystitis as (p=0. 000). Among patients with varying IOS of acute Cholecystitis, there was significant difference in mean values of duration of symptoms before surgery (p=0.006), TLC at admission (adm.) (p=0.037) and at 24 hours of adm. (p=0.016) and serum AMS at adm. (p=0.005). The difference in mean serum ALP at adm. (p=0. 0171), at 24 hours of adm. (p=0. 137) and at 48 hours of adm. (p=0. 151), and mean values of TLC (p=0. 052) at 48 hours of adm. were insignificant across the various IOS grades of acute cholecystitis. There was no significant variation in histopathological severity (HPS) pattern of acute cholecystitis across the various age groups (p=0.826). Males had significantly higher HPS grades of acute Cholecystitis compared to females (p=0.042). Among patients with varying HPS of acute cholecystitis, there was no significant difference in mean duration of symptoms before surgery (p=0. 065). The difference in mean values of TLC at adm. (p=0.001), at 24 hours of adm. (p=0.001) and 48 hours of adm. (p=0.003); serum ALP at adm. (p=0.001), at 24 hours of adm.(p=0.001) and at 48 hours of adm.(p=0.022) was very significant across the various HPS grades of acute cholecystitis. The IOS (p=0.035) and HPS (p=0.032) of acute cholecystitis was significantly less with successful early lap Chole than with failed procedure. There was no significant difference in success versus failure rates of early Lap Chole across the age distribution of the patients (p=0. 153); mean values of duration of symptoms before surgery (p=0.971); TLC at adm. (p=0.422), at 24 hours of adm. (p=0.990) and at 48 hours of adm. (p=0. 478); serum ALP at adm. (p=0.113), at 24 hours of adm. (p=0.135) and at 48 hours of adm.(p= 0. 238). Male patients had significantly higher failure rate of early Lap Chole (p=0.022). Patients with failed early Lap Chole had a significantly longer mean duration of surgery (p=0. 032) and postoperative hospital stay (p=0.028) than those undergoing a successful procedure. Conclusion: Acute Cholecystitis is much more common in females. Severity of inflammation (intraoperative/ histopathological) in acute Cholecystitis is associated with higher failure/conversion rate of early laparoscopic Cholecystectomy because of dense pericholecystic adhesions, and has longer duration of surgery and postoperative hospital stay. This has a positive relation with male sex and TLC(IOS and TLC at 48 hrs of adm. , however had insignificant relation in our study ), while as no relation with age (at least up to 65 years) and mean duration of symptoms before surgery (if surgery is done within 1.5-4 days of onset of symptoms).
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Aims: To analyze the effect of rhBMP-2 and Chitosan in differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLC) into an osteoblastic lineage. Study Design: This study was designed as in vitro study and osteogenic biomarkers were determined in the culture supernatant. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta 10430 Indonesia, January – September 2016. Methodology: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLC) were isolated from the root of vital teeth, followed by identification of stem cells by antibody anti STRO-1. Chitosan was used at the concentration of 0.15%. The culture cells were divided into four groups as follow, the control group (PDLC) and treatment groups with recombinant human Bone Morphogenic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), the combination chitosan-rhBMP-2 and chitosan only. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined by colorimetry and osteocalcin and collagen type I were measured using ELISA. Results: The results showed that levels of ALP tended to increase is in all groups. At day 14, the highest levels of ALP was in chitosan treated group. The concentration of collagen type 1 managed to raise is in all groups on days 14, and the highest levels Collagen type 1 occurred in RH BMP-2 and chitosan treated cells, after that decrease in all groups until day 21(p < 0.05). Osteocalcin concentration tended to increase is in all groups, and at days 21, the highest levels in with rhBMP-2 + chitosan. Conclusion: The rhBMP-2, chitosan, and its combination induce differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells into the osteoblastic lineage.
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Objective To observe the effect of silencing the expression of ADM using RNA interfering technique on the expression ofβ-catenin and terminal differentiation of osteosarcoma cells.Methods After the intervention of 0 h,48 h and 72 h by ADM siRNA,we observed the change of distribution ofβ-catenin in F5M2 using immunocytochemistry staining.The expression levels of total and phosphorylatedβ-catenin and GSK3βwere detected by Western blot after the intervention by ADM siRNA.The F5 M2 cells treated with ADM siRNA were subjected to HE staining,alkaline phosphatase (ALP)assay and immunocytochemistry staining to investigate the biological effects of ADM siRNA on the morphology and terminal differentiation of F5M2 cells.Results After the intervention of 0 h,48 h and 72 h by ADM siRNA,the distribution ofβ-catenin was transferred from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.ADM siRNA downregulated the expression level of P-β-catenin and upregulated P-GSK3βdetected by Western blot.HE staining revealed that the configuration of F5M2 had undergone restorational changes similar to those of normal cells after ADM siRNA treatment.ALP assay and immunocytochemistry staining showed that the expression of the earlier and later molecular biomarkers of terminal differentiation,including ALP and osteocalcin were strongly positive.Conclusion Silencing the expression of ADM can activateβ-catenin to transfer to the nucleus from the cytoplasm,and induce osteosarcoma cells to make terminal differentiation through activatingβ-catenin signaling pathway.
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Background: The present study investigated the effects of Quercus infectoria (QI) gall extract on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and the morphology of a human fetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB 1.19). Methods: The cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium F12 supplemented with a 10% fetal bovine serum, a 1% penicillin/streptomycin and were treated with QI at various concentrations (0.1 to 99.0 μg/mL) for 72 hours. The levels of ALP and osteocalcin were measured at day 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 and were compared among the negative control, pamidronate and QI groups. Results: The median effective concentration (EC50) of hFOB 1.19 treated with QI was 10.30 μg/mL. This concentration was more effective compared to the control drug, pamidronate (EC50 at 16.09 μg/mL). The ALP and osteocalcin levels of hFOB 1.19 treated with QI from day 7 and onwards were significantly increased in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, from day 7 until day 14, the ALP and osteocalcin levels were highest in the cells treated with QI compared to the other two groups. The morphology of cells treated with QI was uniformly elongated, higher in number and over-confluent. Conclusion: After treatment with QI, cell proliferation enhanced and ALP and osteocalcin levels increased.
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Objective To investigate the effect of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 (VD3) or mechanical strain alone and their combined treatment on proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro, as well as gene and protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-кB ligand (RANKL) in those cells. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 10 nmol/L VD3, intermitted mechanical strain or with a combination of these two factors. Cell proliferation was assessed with flow cytometry, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured using a fluorometric detection kit. The mRNA expression of ALP, runt-related transcriptional factor 2 (Runx2), OPG, and RANKL genes was determined by real-time PCR. The proteins expression of Runx2, OPG, and RANKL was determined by Western blotting. ResultsVD3 inhibited the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, but the mechanical strain had no effect on cell proliferation. Mechanical strain, VD3, and the combined treatment enhanced the ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells as well as the protein expression of Runx2. The effect of combined treatment was less pronounced than the effect of VD3 or mechanical strain alone. Mechanical strain promoted the gene and protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and increased the ratio of OPG/RANKL. However, the combination of VD3 and mechanical strain led to a decrease in ratio of OPG/RANKL. Conclusions Mechanical strain might be effective in inducing osteogenic differentiation and increasing bone formation. A joint stimulation with VD3 and strain can decrease proliferation and osteogenic differentiation and increase RANKL expression, which might affect bone remodeling. This study supplies some new data, which might be important in theoretical and clinical research of osteoporosis (OP) and other related bone diseases.
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Objective:To observe the effects of hydrogen on osteogenic capacity of human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs)stim-ulated with P.g-LPS.Methods:hPDLCs were cultured and divided into 4 groups:control(C)group,osteogenic induction(OI) group,OI +1 00 ng/ml LPS(OILPS)group and OIPLS +3%H2 (H2 OIPLS)group,and treated respectively.Alizarin red staining (ARS)was carried out 3 weeks after treatment.ALP and OC mRNA expression of the cells was examined by RT-PCR after 7-d treat-ment.Results:LPS decreased A value of ARS(P <0.01 ),ALP mRNA expression(P <0.001 )and OC mRNA expression(P <0.001 )of the cells.H2 increased the A value(P <0.05),ALP mRNA expression(P <0.01 )and OC mRNA(P <0.01 )of the cells treated by LPS.Conclusion:High concentration of P.g-LPS can inhibit osteogenic capacity of hPDLCs,while hydrogen can impair the P.g-LPS induced suppression of hPDLC's osteogenesis.
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Tobacco use is widely spread throughout the world. The effect of smoking on human health are serious and in many cases, deadly. The present study was done to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on some liver functions in male population in El-beida city, Libya. The study was carried out on thirty Libyan male smokers, who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least15 years. The group includes smokers with age range between 30-60 years. Non-smokers, (control, n= 30) group were collected with the same range of age for statistical comparison. The whole blood samples were drawn by venipuncture from each member and liver functions test were estimated by a kit method on automatic analyzer (Beckman BUN analyzer, USA). The results of the study revealed a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress significantly increased in cigarette smokers in groups when compared with control group. While the plasma level of total protein, albumin and total bilirubin decreased during smoking. Cigarette smoking raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotrans-ferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides in smoker group when compared with non-smoker group. To conclude, cigarette smoking leads to oxidative stress by free radical generation by the mechanism of lipid peroxidation. Smoking exerts negative influence on liver functions test should be carefully interpreted, and further study on the mechanism of the effects is warranted.
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Tobacco use is widely spread throughout the world. The effect of smoking on human health are serious and in many cases, deadly. The present study was done to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on some liver functions in male population in El-beida city, Libya. The study was carried out on thirty Libyan male smokers, who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least15 years. The group includes smokers with age range between 30-60 years. Non-smokers, (control, n= 30) group were collected with the same range of age for statistical comparison. The whole blood samples were drawn by venipuncture from each member and liver functions test were estimated by a kit method on automatic analyzer (Beckman BUN analyzer, USA). The results of the study revealed a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress significantly increased in cigarette smokers in groups when compared with control group. While the plasma level of total protein, albumin and total bilirubin decreased during smoking. Cigarette smoking raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotrans-ferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides in smoker group when compared with non-smoker group. To conclude, cigarette smoking leads to oxidative stress by free radical generation by the mechanism of lipid peroxidation. Smoking exerts negative influence on liver functions test should be carefully interpreted, and further study on the mechanism of the effects is warranted.
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Objective To investigate the expression of specific marker molecules in hair-inducing activity of long-term cultured human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) in vitro.Methods After dissected and cultured the HDPCs in vitro,the cells of passages 1 to 8 were used for experiments.The growth appearances of HDPCs in different passages were observed under inverted microscope.To detect the expression of specific marker molecules of long-term cultured HDPCs,the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the HDPCs was examined,and the specific genes ALP and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression levels of HDPCs were determined by real-time quantitative PCR.Results After long-term cultured in vitro,the ALP and IGF-1 expression levels of HDPCs gradually decreased in different passages,as well as the display of the aggregated and cartouche growth.The ALP and IGF-1 expression levels of HDPCs in passage 1 was the highest,they were almost about 6.8-fold and 3.5-fold higher than the HDPCs in passage 8.The ALP staining of the HDPCs in passage 1 and passage 2 were evident,but the cells' ALP staining gradually became much weaker than the cells in the previous passages after the long-term cultured in vitro.Conclusions The expression levels of specific marker molecules ALP and IGF-1 of the HDPCs decrease gradually after long-term cultured in vitro,and the higher passage HDPCs lost the special aggregated and cartouche growth appearance,and hence lead to the loss of hair-inducing activity of HDPCs.
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PURPOSE: This study was conducted to analyze the clinical manifestation and natural course of benign transient hyperphosphatasemia (BTH) in children. METHODS: A total of 17 children diagnosed with BTH between June 2006 and July 2007, were included in this study. Clinical records and laboratory tests were analyzed retrospectively for all children. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 26.9+/-13.8 months (range: 9 to 49 months). Nine of the 17 BTH cases (52.9%) occurred in patients that had previously suffered from infectious diseases. While the patients were suffering from BTH, the mean serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was 2,500.2+/-1,165.1 U/L, however, these elevated serum ALP levels normalized within 7 weeks of recovery in all cases. In addition, a seasonal peak in the onset of BTH was observed from September to December. Further, the measurement of ALP isoenzymes in 7 of the patients with BTH, revealed a marked elevation of bone fraction. CONCLUSION: It is important for pediatricians to understand the clinical manifestation and benign course of BTH to avoid unnecessary diagnostic evaluation in children showing a transient increase in ALP activities.
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Child , Humans , Alkaline Phosphatase , Communicable Diseases , Isoenzymes , Retrospective Studies , SeasonsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to analyze the clinical manifestation and natural course of benign transient hyperphosphatasemia (BTH) in children. METHODS: A total of 17 children diagnosed with BTH between June 2006 and July 2007, were included in this study. Clinical records and laboratory tests were analyzed retrospectively for all children. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 26.9+/-13.8 months (range: 9 to 49 months). Nine of the 17 BTH cases (52.9%) occurred in patients that had previously suffered from infectious diseases. While the patients were suffering from BTH, the mean serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was 2,500.2+/-1,165.1 U/L, however, these elevated serum ALP levels normalized within 7 weeks of recovery in all cases. In addition, a seasonal peak in the onset of BTH was observed from September to December. Further, the measurement of ALP isoenzymes in 7 of the patients with BTH, revealed a marked elevation of bone fraction. CONCLUSION: It is important for pediatricians to understand the clinical manifestation and benign course of BTH to avoid unnecessary diagnostic evaluation in children showing a transient increase in ALP activities.
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Child , Humans , Alkaline Phosphatase , Communicable Diseases , Isoenzymes , Retrospective Studies , SeasonsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine factors that could predict the one-year response of the lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) to alendronate treatment in elderly Japanese women with osteoporosis. Eighty-five postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, all of whom were between 55-88 years of age, were treated with alendronate (5 mg daily) for 12 months. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urinary NTX levels were measured at the baseline and 6 months, and lumbar (L1-L4) BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the baseline and 12 months. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine factors that were correlated with the percent change in lumbar BMD at 12 months. Lumbar BMD increased by 8.1 % at 12 months with a reduction in the urinary NTX level by 51.0 % at 6 months. Baseline lumbar BMD (R2=0.226, p< 0.0001) and percent changes in serum ALP and urinary NTX levels (R2=0.044, p< 0.05 and R2=0.103, p< 0.001, respectively) had a negative correlation with the percent change in lumbar BMD at month 12, while the baseline number of prevalent vertebral fractures (R2=0.163, p< 0.001), serum ALP level, and urinary NTX level (R2=0.074, p< 0.05 and R2=0.160, p< 0.001, respectively) had a positive correlation with it. However, baseline age, height, body weight, body mass index, years since menopause, serum calcium and phosphorus levels, and percent changes in serum calcium and phosphorus levels at 6 months did not have any significant correlation with the percent change in lumbar BMD at 12 months. These results suggest that lumbar BMD was more responsive to one-year of alendronate treatment in elderly osteoporotic Japanese women with lower lumbar BMD, more prevalent vertebral fractures, and higher bone turnover, who showed a greater decrease in bone turnover at 6 months, regardless of age, years since menopause, and physique. Alendronate may be efficacious in elderly Japanese women with evident osteoporosis that is associated with high bone turnover, and the percent changes in serum ALP and urinary NTX levels at 6 months could predict the one-year response of lumbar BMD to alendronate treatment.
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Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Alendronate/administration & dosage , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Bone Density/drug effects , Calcium/blood , Collagen/urine , Absorptiometry, Photon , Incidence , Japan , Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Peptides/urine , Phosphorus/blood , Spinal Fractures/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To determine the effects of ?-lipoic acid on bone metabolism in lead-poisoned rats.Methods Totally 31 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups,8 rats in blank control group and 23 in lead group that received gastric lavage with lead acetate(230 mg/L).After 40 days,3 rats from each group were taken for the measurement of lead in the blood and bone.The rats in lead group were then randomly divided into four groups: lead control group and three lead groups with different concentrations of ?-lipoic acid [30,60 and 100 mg/(kg?d)],with 5 rats in each.At the end of the experiment(80 d),the rats were killed and the samples of whole blood,serum and bone were collected to detect osteocalcin content with radioimmunoassay and alkaline phosphatase expression with immunohistochemistry staining.Results ① Blood and bone lead contents in each ?-lipoic treatment group were significantly lower than those in lead control group(P
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Several growth factors and polypeptides are not commonly yet used for regenerators of bone tissue or alveolar bone because of the insufficiency of studies on their side effects, genetic engineering for mass production and stability for clinical application. Recently, many herbal medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Morindae Radix, Cibotium Barometz (L.), Albizziae Cortex, Cistandhis Herba have been traditionally used as medicines for treatment of bone disease in Eastern medicine. The objective of the present study is to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human fetal osteoblast (hFOB1) when several natural medicines were supplemented. hFOB1 were cultured with Dulbecuo's Modified Eagle's Medium Nutrient Mixture F-12 HAM ( DMEM/F-12 1:1 Mixture, Sigma, USA) and negative control, dexamethasone (positive control), and each natural medicines for 3 days. And then ALP activity was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and Alizarin red S staining for morphometry. Among the natural medicines of this study, Morindae Radix, Cibotium Barometz (L.) and Cistanchis Herba induced higher activity of ALP synthesis than negative controls in all experimental group. Albizziae Cortex showed mild increases than negative control group. According to measurement of positively stained area, all of the natural medicines of this study increased compared to negative control. Especially, Cibotium Barometz (L.) and Cistanchis Herba showed statistical significance compared to negative control (p<0.05). These results indicate that Morindae Radix, Cibotium Barometz (L.), Albizziae Cortex, Cistandhis Herba have an inducing ability of ALP synthesis on osteoblast.
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Humans , Albizzia , Alkaline Phosphatase , Bone and Bones , Bone Diseases , Dexamethasone , Genetic Engineering , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Morinda , Osteoblasts , PeptidesABSTRACT
Sometimes physicians and clinical pathologists find very high levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in their patients. This condition is associated with transient, marked increase in serum ALP in healthy infants and children. It has also been described in adults. Clinical and biochemical features of transient hyperphosphatasemia in infancy and early childhood are reviewed in six patients that we have studied. The diagnosis is suggested by findings of increased activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma, typically more than fivefold the upper reference value for adult, in a child under five years of age, without evidence of liver or bone disease. The condition is confirmed by the presence of a characteristic pattern of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and by the normalization of enzyme activity in plasma within approximately six months after the original observation. The etiology of the condition and possible mechanism of the elevated ALP is discussed.